危机过后
教师资源指南 & 工作人员
Unfortunately, tragic events occur on college campuses. These events often leave many students, 教师, staff and members of the college or university community severely traumatized. 当这种情况发生时, providing some time in a class setting for emotional debriefing can significantly aid and accelerate the healing process. The following guide to emotional debriefing in class was adapted from a similar guide written for the 教师 at Texas A&M University following the Bonfire tragedy in November 1999. This guide was kindly shared by Professor Stan Carpenter from the Educational Administration Department at Texas A&M.
Provide time during class to discuss the incident and the students’ feelings about it. The students should be encouraged to express feelings in a supportive atmosphere as soon as possible. 教授可能会说:
“I’m still (sad, shaken, upset) by the tragedy that happened on campus on Thursday. 我很高兴再次和大家在一起. How are each of you (feeling, doing, coping) with this?"
给 the students 30 seconds to a minute to say something. They may need a little time to get the courage to speak. 如果学生不说话, 提醒他们你的办公时间, 您的电子邮件地址, and/or your willingness to meet one-on-one. Emphasize that talking about the trauma is a good and healing thing to do. If you share some of your feelings, it will encourage them to talk. The minor loss of instructional time will be insignificant because if they are having serious emotional reactions their learning will be compromised.
It is also important to let them know that when events like this occur; our 咨询 & 测试中心 makes special arrangements to provide support to students who are affected by the situation. 如果他们需要帮助或支持, they should contact that Center as soon as possible at 269-471-3470.
Remember that everyone’s story is valid. 不是每个人都要发言.
Emotional debriefing is not about establishing facts of the incident. 它是关于情感的表达. Whatever students say can be answered with:
“It must be terrible to think about that.” Or “It must hurt a lot to remember it that way.”
If you are able to identify students who are most upset, a referral to the 咨询 & 测试中心会很有帮助. 与学生交谈时, try to do so in a calm relaxed way and don’t worry if you cry in front of them. 没关系. When the students finish talking, you can offer them a moment of silence. Suggest that they close their eyes and breathe slowly and deeply three or four times. If you are worried about a particular student, approach her/him privately. If you are concerned about your own reactions to the situation, consider seeking help. 给 us a call and we can chat with you about whether you should think about seeking help.
Some students who have had close involvement with the crisis may have very vivid perceptions regarding the sights, 听起来, 气味, 和事件的味道. It’s not uncommon for them to feel something is wrong with them because the memories of these sensory perceptions are so strong. You can reassure them that such feelings are not uncommon after a tragedy. 你可能会问:
“Others have reported similar perceptions and thoughts after such a tragedy.” Or, “It must have been so upsetting to (see, hear, feel, smell, taste) that.”
有些学生感到很内疚. They may have been close enough to the situation or victims that they believe there is something they should have done to prevent the tragedy or harm to some of the victims. They may believe that they should have been there to help some of the victims. 为了解决这个问题，你可以说:
悲剧发生后, people often second guess themselves, and they are not sure they did everything they could. That’s a natural feeling of wanting to help others. It does not reflect what was really possible.”
面向未来是有帮助的. 你可能会问:
“What are you worried about right now?”
When they speak about future concerns, you might be able to alleviate some of their worries with facts or other ideas and thoughts. Giving students a chance to share their worries reduces anxiety. 你可以说:
"It’s really too early to know all the facts about what is going to happen. But you help yourself to deal with this tragedy. Many people find that talking with others, 与家人共度时光, 与牧师交流, or seeing a counselor can hasten the healing process."
下课后, if students come to your office to speak in private, remember they are looking for someone who will validate their grief, 而不是说服他们放弃. Sitting quietly with them and letting them talk may be all that is needed. Share your own feelings about the tragedy. You might even tell them about other losses you’ve experienced if you’re comfortable with that. 如果你谈论过去的失败, it is helpful to end by saying that for you there was a gradual improvement in hopefulness and mood as time passed. You can simply say that you hope they have the same experience of healing.
These suggestions were adapted from: Poland, S., & 麦考密克J. S. (1999). Coping with a crisis: A resources for schools, parents, and communities. 朗蒙特，CO: Sopris West.
For further information, please contact:
咨询 & 测试中心
贝尔大厅，123室
4195行政博士
电话:269-471-3470
电子邮件: ctcenter@usa-kj.com
